Science has become the greatest ally of both movements. In the past, Descartes famously argued that animals were mindless automata. Modern neuroscience has dismantled that view.

Providing sufficient space, proper facilities, and company of the animal’s own kind.

How can we or choose higher welfare products in our daily lives?

To measure success, experts use the "Five Domains" framework to assess an animal's state [5.1]: : Access to fresh water and a balanced diet.

: A widely used global standard for measuring welfare: Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease. Freedom to express normal behavior. Freedom from fear and distress.

The gold standard for welfare is the originally developed for livestock but now applied across the board:

You don't have to choose one over the other to participate in the evolution of ethics. You simply have to stop looking away. The cage door is opening, millimeter by millimeter, but the animal inside is running out of time. The question is no longer whether animals suffer—we have the data. The question is whether we have the moral courage to do anything about it.