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For many years, the avian brain was dismissed as primitive, consisting mostly of a "striatum" responsible for instinctive, rote behaviors. This view was radically overturned when researchers discovered that the avian forebrain possesses a region called the nidopallium, which functions similarly to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. This area is highly developed in corvids, granting them an exceptionally high brain-to-body mass ratio—often referred to as their encephalization quotient—comparable to that of a chimpanzee.

The text mentions they do this if a "potential thief was present." Part 3: Achieving Extra Quality in IELTS Reading To get a Band 8 or 9, you Understand "The Key" (Keywords): For many years, the avian brain was dismissed

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Paragraph B explicitly states that their multi-step puzzle-solving demonstrates "abstract reasoning and sequential planning, rather than mere trial-and-error learning." For many years

famously bent a straight wire into a hook to retrieve food, showing an ability to innovate without prior observation. Social Intelligence: